| 第3章 Prerequisites | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
 |
|
| 第3章 Prerequisites | ||
|---|---|---|
| |
|
|
目次
Here are the prerequisites you need to understand before getting involved with Debian.
Debian 界隈では異なる役割で色々なタイプの人が交流しています:
Please note that you can’t become an official Debian Developer (DD) overnight, as it requires more than just technical skills. Don’t be discouraged by this. If your work is useful to others, you can still upload your package either as a maintainer through a sponsor or as a Debian Maintainer.
Please note that you don’t need to create new packages to become an official Debian Developer. Contributing to existing packages can also provide a path to becoming an official Debian Developer. There are many packages waiting for good maintainers (see 「"`「Contribution approaches」」`").
Please refer to the following to learn how to contribute to Debian:
Please understand Debian’s social dynamics to prepare yourself for interactions with Debian:
我々は全員ボランティアです。
友好的な協力が推進力です。
Debian は教師から自動的に注意を払ってもらう学校ではありません。
Debian は常に改良されています。
Since we focus only on the technical aspects of the packaging in the rest of this guide, please refer to the following to understand the social dynamics of Debian:
Here are some technical reminders to help other maintainers work on your package easily and effectively, maximizing the output of Debian as a whole.
Make your package easy to debug.
Keep your package well-documented.
![[注記]](images/note.png) | 注記 |
|---|---|
|
Debugging of software tends to consume more time than writing the initial working software. |
It is unwise to run your base system under the unstable suite, even for development purposes.
| 注記 |
|---|---|
|
Advanced package development activities, such as testing full Desktop systems, network daemons, and system installer packages, should use the unstable suite running under 「virtualization」. |
Please make yourself ready to read the pertinent part of the latest Debian documentation to generate perfect Debian packages:
「Debian Policy Manual」
「Debian Developer’s Reference」
「Debian メンテナー用ガイド」 — 本文書
All these documents are published on https://www.debian.org using the unstable suite versions of corresponding Debian packages. If you wish to have local access to all these documents from your base system, please consider using techniques such as 「apt-pinning」 and 「chroot」.
If this guide contradicts the official Debian documentation, the official Debian documentation is correct. Please file a bug report on the debmake-doc package using the reportbug command.
Here are alternative tutorial documents, which you may read along with this guide:
「Debian Packaging Tutorial」
「Ubuntu Packaging Guide」 (Ubuntu is Debian based.)
「Debian New Maintainers' Guide」 (predecessor of this tutorial, deprecated)
![[ヒント]](images/tip.png) | ヒント |
|---|---|
|
When reading these, you may consider using the debmake command in place of the dh_make command. |
Before deciding to ask your question in a public forum, please do your part by reading the relevant documentation:
You can find your desired information effectively by using a well-formed search string such as "keyword site:lists.debian.org" to limit the search domain of the web search engine.
Creating a small test package is a good way to learn the details of packaging. Inspecting existing well-maintained packages is the best way to learn how other people make packages.
If you still have questions about the packaging, you can ask them interactively:
Language-specific mailing lists.
More experienced Debian developers will gladly help you if you ask properly after making the required efforts.
![[注意]](images/caution.png) | 注意 |
|---|---|
|
Debian development is a moving target. Some information found on the web may be outdated, incorrect, or non-applicable. Please use such information carefully. |
Please realize the situation of the Debian archive.
Thus, contributions to packages already in the archive are far more appreciated (and more likely to receive sponsorship for uploading) by other maintainers.
| ヒント |
|---|---|
|
The wnpp-alert command from the devscripts package can check for installed packages that are up for adoption or orphaned. |
| ヒント |
|---|---|
|
The how-can-i-help package can show opportunities for contributing to Debian based on packages installed locally. |
Here is pseudo-Python code for your contribution approaches to Debian with a program:
if exist_in_debian(program):
if is_team_maintained(program):
join_team(program)
if is_orphaned(program): # maintainer: Debian QA Group
adopt_it(program)
elif is_RFA(program): # Request for Adoption
adopt_it(program)
else:
if need_help(program):
contact_maintainer(program)
triaging_bugs(program)
preparing_QA_or_NMU_uploads(program)
else:
leave_it(program)
else: # new packages
if not is_good_program(program):
give_up_packaging(program)
elif not is_distributable(program):
give_up_packaging(program)
else: # worth packaging
if is_ITPed_by_others(program):
if need_help(program):
contact_ITPer_for_collaboration(program)
else:
leave_it_to_ITPer(program)
else: # really new
if is_applicable_team(program):
join_team(program)
if is_DFSG(program) and is_DFSG(dependency(program)):
file_ITP(program, area="main") # This is Debian
elif is_DFSG(program):
file_ITP(program, area="contrib") # This is not Debian
else: # non-DFSG
file_ITP(program, area="non-free") # This is not Debian
package_it_and_close_ITP(program)
Here:
For exist_in_debian(), and is_team_maintained(); check:
For is_orphaned(), is_RFA(), and is_ITPed_by_others(); check:
For is_good_program(), check:
For is_it_DFSG(), and is_its_dependency_DFSG(); check:
For is_it_distributable(), check:
You either need to file an ITP or adopt a package to start working on it. See the 「Debian Developer’s Reference」:
The novice contributor and maintainer may wonder what to learn to start your contribution to Debian. Here are my suggestions depending on your focus:
Packaging
Translation
Documentation
The novice contributor and maintainer may wonder where to start your contribution to Debian. Here are my suggestions depending on your skills:
POSIX shell, Perl, and Python skills:
C and C++ skills:
Non-English skills:
Documentation skills:
These activities should give you good exposure to the other Debian people to establish your credibility.
The novice maintainer should avoid packaging programs with the high security exposure:
When you gain more experience in packaging, you’ll be able to package such programs.
| |
|
|
| 第2章 Overview |
|
第4章 Tool Setups |